Steven Nickolas is a writer and has 10+ years of experience working as a consultant to retail and institutional investors. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Standard deviation is a metric that shows the variability of a security’s returns over time. It can be used to gauge volatility based on past performance and compare a future return to past returns.

Utility functions measure consumer preferences and satisfaction with goods or services. They help analyze consumer decisions to maximize satisfaction in rational choice theory. Economists and ...

Cost basis is the original purchase price of an asset. Tracking cost basis is key to tax-efficient investing. Many, or all, of the products featured on this page are from our advertising partners who ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension induces structural and functional damage in multiple organs. Evidence of subclinical damage ...

The internal rate of return is the interest rate that can help calculate how appealing an investment might be based on its current value.