Abstract: Metaheuristic algorithms have demonstrated strong effectiveness in solving complex real-world optimization problems. This paper presents two discrete metaheuristic approaches for the ...

Learn about triangular arbitrage in forex and how it capitalizes on exchange rate differences between currencies for ...

Abstract: A colored traveling salesman problem (CTSP) can subtly and thoroughly depict the homogeneity of salesmen and the assignment relationships between them and cities by using colors. It has been ...